Physics Nuclear Physics MCQs Chapter 10 Class 12 - PLS Academy

Physics Nuclear Physics MCQs Chapter 10 Class 12

Physics Nuclear Physics is an important chapter of Class 12 Physics and plays a major role in free preparations for entry tests and FSC Part-II exams. It is frequently included in MDCAT, NUMS, AKU, NUST, UET ECAT, and FSC board examinations. This chapter covers key topics such as structure of the nucleus, radioactivity, alpha, beta, and gamma decay, half-life, and nuclear reactions. Many students use entry test MCQs and practice tests to strengthen their understanding and problem-solving skills.

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Physics Ch 21 Class 12 Nuclear Physics

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1 / 79

_______ is also known as anti-electron.

NTS 2017
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Photon

B) Proton

C) Positron

D) Nucleon

2 / 79

In Nuclear reactions, we have the conservation of:

NTS 2017
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Mass only

B) Energy only

C) Momentum only

D) Mass, energy and momentum

3 / 79

A lithium nucleus contains 3 protons and 4 neutrons. What is its atomic number?

NUMS 2017
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) 1

B) 7

C) 3

D) 4

4 / 79

What is correct about alpha and x rays?

Both produce ionization

Both are deflected by Magnetic field

Both ace deflected by Electric field

All of these

5 / 79

A nucleus weighs less than Its sum of nucleons, a quantity known as the

Mass defect

binding energy

Packing fraction

All of these

6 / 79

Which of the following have low ionization and high penetrating power?

Alpha particles

Beta particles

Gamma particles

None of these

7 / 79

In Nuclear Physics the mass defect is referred to _______.

NTS 2019
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) The difference in masses of free neutrons and protons.

B) The difference in masses of free neutrons and bonded nucleus

C) The difference in masses of free nuclear constituent and bonded nucleus

D) Difference between atomic mass and atomic number

8 / 79

Meson consists of:

One quark and one anti-quark

One quark and two anti-quarks

Two quarks and one anti-quark

Two quarks and two anti-quarks

9 / 79

Alpha rays are nuclear radiations. They are in fact same as _____ nuclei.

NUMS 2018
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Hydrogen

B) Deuterium

C) Tritium

D) Helium

10 / 79

Alpha particle has

Less ionization and High Penetration

High ionization and Less Penetration

High ionization and High Penetration

Less ionization and Less Penetration

11 / 79

If u and d represent up quark and down quark respectively then composition of Proton and Neutron can be written as:

NUMS 2019 Cancelled
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Proton: 1u + 1d, Neutron: 2u + 1d

B) Proton: 2u + 2d, Neutron: 2u + 1d

C) Proton: 2u + 1d, Neutron: 1u + 2d

D) Proton: 1/3 u + 2/3 d, Neutron: 2/3 u + 1/3 d

12 / 79

The half-life of a radioactive element depends upon:

NUMS 2016
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Amount of element present

B) Pressure

C) Temperature

D) None of the above options are correct

13 / 79

) Which can damage eye?

X•rays

Gamma rays

Laser

All of these

14 / 79

Disintegration of a radioactive element is

Periodic

Dependent on its atomic number

Random

None of these

15 / 79

Which of the following is an instrument for monitoring radiations:

NUMS 2016
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) GM tube

B) Radar

C) Wilson cloud chamber

D) All of the above

16 / 79

While using radiation therapy, cancerous thyroid is treated with ____ radioisotope:

PMC 2020
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Carbon

B) 235 Uranium

C) Thorium

D) Iodine

17 / 79

An element whose atomic number is same but mass number is different is called:

NUMS 2019 Reconduct
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Isomer

B) Isobar

C) Isotope

D) Isotones

18 / 79

Transmutation occurs when rays are given out:

Alpha

Beta

Gamma

All of these

19 / 79

The detection and estimation of an element in a mixture is sometimes nearly impossible, if it is present in very minute traces or if it’s chemical properties are very similar to those of other elements in the mixture. An effective technique is developed for these purposes is known as?

NTS 2014
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Simple Analysis

B) Spectral Analysis

C) Activation Analysis

D) Geometric Analysis

20 / 79

Which of the following gives the correct expression of Decay Constant?

21 / 79

A nucleus consists of 11 protons and 12 neutrons. The conventional symbol of nucleus is:

NTS 2011
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) 11Na12

B) 11Ca23

C) 11Na23

D) 11Ca12

22 / 79

There are leptons

23 / 79

Let X be a radioactive element having No nuclei. The time required to decay this element to one half of its initial number No is known as:

NTS 2018
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Law of radioactive decay

B) Decay constant

C) Half life

D) Decay time

24 / 79

The half-life of C14 is approximately 5,730 years, while the half-life of C12 is essentially infinite. If the ratio of C14 to C12 in a certain sample is 25% less than the normal ratio in nature, how old is the sample?

NTS 2013
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Less than 5,730 years

B) Approximately 5,730 years

C) Significantly greater than 5,730 years, but less than 11,460 years

D) Approximately 11,460 years

25 / 79

Which of the following affects our eye?

Neutrons

Alpha rays

Gamma rays

Laser

All of these

26 / 79

How many quarks neutron and proton is made up of?

27 / 79

Nuclear fission reaction takes place In controlled conditions by the

Moderators

Control rod

Protons

Heayy water

28 / 79

Which gas is not used in GM counter?

Argon

Neon

Hydrogen

Helium

29 / 79

The half-life of C14 is about:

NTS 2012
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

B) 892 years

C) 10 years

D) 100 years

E) 5730 years

30 / 79

During radioactive decay of a nucleus zXA, β emission takes place along with the daughter nucleus. Because of this beta particle emission, the mass number (A) of the parent nucleus:

NTS 2018
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Remains constant

B) Decreases by 1

C) Increases by 1

D) Decreases by 2

31 / 79

Beta particles are the particles emitted from the _____ of an atom.

NTS 2016 SMBBMC
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Inner atomic shells

B) Outer atomic shells

C) Innermost atomic shell

D) Nucleus

32 / 79

There are initially 400 atoms in a radioactive sample. What would be the number of atoms after 3 half – life?

PMC 2020
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) 400

B) 200

C) 50

D) 25

33 / 79

A body of mass of 2kg absorbed 10 J of radioactive radiations. The absorbed dose of radiation in rad is:

NUMS 2015
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) 5

B) 5 x 10-2

C) 500

D) 20

34 / 79

4.5 x 109 years is the half-life of:

NUMS 2020
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) U234

B) U235

C) U238

D) C14

35 / 79

Emission of an alpha particle from a radioactive element.

NUMS 2019 Reconduct
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Increase its atomic number by 1 and decreases mass number by 2

B) Increases its atomic number by 2 and decreases mass number by 2

C) Decreases its atomic number by 1 and decreases mass number by 2

D) Decreases its atomic number by 2 and decreases mass number by 4

36 / 79

The chemical properties of elements depend on ________.

NUMS 2019 Reconduct
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Atomic number only

B) Mass number only

C) Atomic number and mass both

D) Neither atomic number nor mass number

37 / 79

Which of the following radiation detector operates under Reverse Bias?

GM counter

Wilson Cloud Chamber

Solid state detector

Both a and c

38 / 79

To remove the huge amount of heat energy in a nuclear reactor, ______ is/are used.

NTS 2012
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

B) Control rods

C) Shielding

D) Moderators

E) Coolants

39 / 79

What’s relation between penetrating power and Ionization power

Inverse

Direct

Depends on radiation

None

40 / 79

A material that does NOT become radioactive after absorbing neutrons is called.

NTS 2019
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Shielding

B) Reactor fuel

C) Control material

D) Coolant

41 / 79

Gamma rays are emitted from nuclei of radioactive atoms. They are nothing but:

NTS 2016 DUHS & JSMU
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) X rays

B) High energy electromagnetic radiations

C) Electrons emitted from nuclei

D) Ultraviolet rays

42 / 79

Muon has charge of?

-1e

0.5e

none

43 / 79

Which of the following will be absorbed by the paper?

Alpha particle

Beta particle

Gamma rays

X rays

44 / 79

Why is the total mass of all individual protons and neutrons in a nucleus greater than the mass of the nucleus which they constitute?

NUMS 2020
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) When protons and neutrons combine to form nucleus, mass decrease due to gain of energy

B) Possible mass loss is due to faulty techniques to measure mass of nucleus

C) This statement is not true in most of the cases

D) When protons and neutrons combine to form nucleus, some mass is destroyed resulting in energy release

45 / 79

Which of the following is the percentage of the original quantity of a radioactive material left after five half–lives approximately.

NUMS 2016
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) 3%

B) 10%

C) 6.25%

D) 20%

46 / 79

The process of natural decay of some heavy nuclides is because of the phenomenon:

NTS 2018
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Emission Spectra

B) Nuclear fusion

C) Nuclear fission

D) Radioactivity

47 / 79

Which one of these is used in the treatment of Cancer?

Helium

Xenon

Krypton

Cobalt

48 / 79

Particles which can be added to the nucleus of an atom without changing its chemical properties are:

NUMS 2017
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Neutrons

B) Electrons

C) Protons

D) Alpha particles

49 / 79

Nucleus with an excess of neutrons may decay radioactivity with the emission of:

NTS 2017
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) a neutron

B) a proton

C) an electron

D) a positron

50 / 79

Radioactive elements emit:

NUMS 2017
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) ɑ radiations

B) β radiations

C) ɣ radiations

D) All of these

51 / 79

How many neutrons are released during fusion of two deuterons?

52 / 79

Which of the following has greater speed In space?

Gamma rays

Light

Radio waves

All of these

53 / 79

Which of the following Is not true about radioactivity?

Is a nuclear phenomenon

Is not altered by any physical change

Is not altered by any chemical change

Is a property relating to outside the nucleus.

54 / 79

The half-life of Iodine Is

8 days

8 hours

15 days

) 15 hours

55 / 79

When we measure the nuclear masses and compare them with the masses of the constituent nucleus in free states, the mass of the nucleus is always less than the mass of the constituent nucleons. The difference in mass is known as:

NTS 2015 DUHS and JSMU
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Mass Defect

B) Mass Value

C) Mass Disorder

D) Mass Energy

56 / 79

An alpha particle is ejected from the nucleus of an atom. Which of the following answers describes the change in the nucleus of the atom?

NUMS 2014
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

B) The atomic number increases by 1, and the mass number decreases by 4.

C) The atomic number increases by 1, and the mass number increases by 2.

D) The atomic number increases by 2, and the mass number increases by 4.

E) The atomic number decreases by 2, and the mass number decreases by 4.

57 / 79

The binding per nucleon of deuteron (21H) and helium nucleus (42He) are 1.1 MeV and 7 MeV respectively. If two deuterons merge to form a single helium nucleus, the energy released will be:

NUMS 2019 Cancelled
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) 04.8 MeV

B) 13.6 MeV

C) 23.6 MeV

D) 25.8 MeV

58 / 79

Sodium nucleus consists of 11 protons and 12 neutrons. The conventional symbol of this nucleus is?

NTS 2014
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) 11Na11

B) 12Na12

C) 11Na23

D) 12Na23

59 / 79

Which of the following consist of two quarks? a

Leptons

Baryon

Meson

None of these

60 / 79

Alpha, Beta, and Gamma radiations are emitted from a radioactive substance:

NUMS 2017
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) When it is heated

B) When it is subjected to high pressure

C) When it interacts with another particle

D) Spontaneously

61 / 79

If half-life of an element Is 4 minutes, then 3/4′ of It Is decayed in:

6 min

4 min

8 min

10 min

62 / 79

Species of the same element that have the same atomic number “Z” but have different mass number “A” are called ____ of that element.

NUMS 2017
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Radioactive rays

B) Isotopes

C) Alpha particles

D) Beta particles

63 / 79

A factory buys 100 kg of a radioactive chemical with a half-life of 5 years which decays to a stable compound. How much of the chemical will still be radioactive in 10 years time.

NUMS 2017
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) None

B) 25 kg

C) 50 kg

D) 75 kg

64 / 79

Radiation cause damage in a)

Cell

Skin

Hair

All of above

65 / 79

During the process of nuclear disintegration, when beta particle emission occurs, atomic no. of the atom changes by _____ and the mass number changes by ______.

NUMS 2018
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) One unit ; one unit

B) One unit ; no units

C) No units ; one unit

D) No units ; no units

66 / 79

Which of the following can cause least Ionization but has high Penetrating Power?

Alpha

Beta

Gamma

None of these

67 / 79

During the process of nuclear disintegration, when alpha particle emission occurs, atomic no. of the atom changes by _____ and its mass number changes by _____.

NTS 2016 DUHS & JSMU
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) One unit … one unit

B) Two units … four units

C) Two units … three unit

D) Two units … two units

68 / 79

Human body emits which of the following radiation?

X-rays

Ultraviolet

Infrared

Gamma rays

69 / 79

Which of the following has highest ionizing power and least penetrating power?

Alpha

Beta

Gamma

Both a and c

70 / 79

In heavy nuclei the number of neutrons is than protons

Equal

Greater

lesser

Either a or c

71 / 79

Penetration power of gamma rays as compared to alpha rays is

Greater

Less

Equal

Either a or c

72 / 79

Charge on an up-quark is:

2/3 e

1/3 e

-2/3 e

-1/3 e

73 / 79

Energy of fast moving neutron Is?

1 KeV

0.5 KeV

0.02 KeV

0.01 KeV

74 / 79

Which of the following is the pair of isobars?

NUMS 2016
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) 1H1 and 2H1

B) 12C6 and 13H6

C) 2H1 and 3H1

D) 30H15 and 30Si14

75 / 79

Half-life of iodine-131 is 8 days. If 20mg is present initially. How much iodine is left behind after 2 half-lives?

NUMS 2020
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) 10 mg

B) 5 mg

C) 2.5 mg

D) 1.25 mg

76 / 79

Radiation can cause:

NTS 2011
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

B) radiation sickness

C) skin cancer

D) gene mutations

E) all of the above

77 / 79

In which of the following the pn Junction is used?

Wilson cloud chambe

GM tube

solid state detector

None of these

78 / 79

Fusion and fission reactions are associated with:

NTS 2012
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Water or hydal energy

B) Geothermal energy

C) Fossil fuel energy

D) Nuclear energy

79 / 79

The lightest element which exhibits radioactivity is:

NTS 2017
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Elimination Tool:

A) Hydrogen

B) Deuteron

C) Tritium

D) Helium

Your score is

The average score is 61%

Importance of Nuclear Physics MCQs

Understanding Nuclear Physics helps students analyze radioactive decay, calculate half-life, and solve nuclear reaction problems. Moreover, exams often include MCQs based on decay series, binding energy, and energy released in reactions. Practicing chapter-wise MCQs and short tests improves speed, accuracy, and confidence. Therefore, regular practice is essential for competitive exams.

Effective Strategy for Free Preparations

Students should revise formulas, understand decay processes, and solve topic-wise MCQs consistently. In addition, attempting free tests and past questions helps identify repeated patterns and important concepts. PLS Academy provides structured resources that support free entry test preparations for Physics Nuclear Physics and other Class 12 Physics chapters.

JazakAllah.