Physics Chapter 10 – Nuclear Physics (Class 12) for FSC, Entry Tests & NTS Preparation
Chapter 10, Nuclear Physics, is an important topic for Class 12 students preparing for FSC board exams and engineering entry tests like ECAT, NUST, and FAST, as well as NTS exams. This chapter explains the structure of the atomic nucleus, radioactive decay, nuclear reactions, and the principles governing nuclear energy. Understanding nuclear physics is essential for studying atomic energy, radiation, and applications in medicine and technology.
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The half-life of a radioactive element depends upon:
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Particles which can be added to the nucleus of an atom without changing its chemical properties are:
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The chemical properties of elements depend on ________.
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Nuclear fission reaction takes place In controlled conditions by the
Disintegration of a radioactive element is
While using radiation therapy, cancerous thyroid is treated with ____ radioisotope:
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What’s relation between penetrating power and Ionization power
Which of the following has highest ionizing power and least penetrating power?
Muon has charge of?
In Nuclear Physics the mass defect is referred to _______.
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Alpha particle has
Penetration power of gamma rays as compared to alpha rays is
To remove the huge amount of heat energy in a nuclear reactor, ______ is/are used.
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Which of the following is an instrument for monitoring radiations:
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A nucleus consists of 11 protons and 12 neutrons. The conventional symbol of nucleus is:
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Which of the following consist of two quarks? a
Alpha, Beta, and Gamma radiations are emitted from a radioactive substance:
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Energy of fast moving neutron Is?
Radioactive elements emit:
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The half-life of C14 is about:
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If half-life of an element Is 4 minutes, then 3/4′ of It Is decayed in:
A lithium nucleus contains 3 protons and 4 neutrons. What is its atomic number?
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Nucleus with an excess of neutrons may decay radioactivity with the emission of:
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The process of natural decay of some heavy nuclides is because of the phenomenon:
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Emission of an alpha particle from a radioactive element.
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Meson consists of:
Which of the following is the percentage of the original quantity of a radioactive material left after five half–lives approximately.
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During the process of nuclear disintegration, when alpha particle emission occurs, atomic no. of the atom changes by _____ and its mass number changes by _____.
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What is correct about alpha and x rays?
There are initially 400 atoms in a radioactive sample. What would be the number of atoms after 3 half – life?
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Human body emits which of the following radiation?
Alpha rays are nuclear radiations. They are in fact same as _____ nuclei.
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) Which can damage eye?
Sodium nucleus consists of 11 protons and 12 neutrons. The conventional symbol of this nucleus is?
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The binding per nucleon of deuteron (21H) and helium nucleus (42He) are 1.1 MeV and 7 MeV respectively. If two deuterons merge to form a single helium nucleus, the energy released will be:
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How many neutrons are released during fusion of two deuterons?
Which of the following can cause least Ionization but has high Penetrating Power?
Which of the following have low ionization and high penetrating power?
The half-life of C14 is approximately 5,730 years, while the half-life of C12 is essentially infinite. If the ratio of C14 to C12 in a certain sample is 25% less than the normal ratio in nature, how old is the sample?
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Which of the following Is not true about radioactivity?
Which gas is not used in GM counter?
Charge on an up-quark is:
An element whose atomic number is same but mass number is different is called:
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During radioactive decay of a nucleus zXA, β emission takes place along with the daughter nucleus. Because of this beta particle emission, the mass number (A) of the parent nucleus:
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Which of the following radiation detector operates under Reverse Bias?
Beta particles are the particles emitted from the _____ of an atom.
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If u and d represent up quark and down quark respectively then composition of Proton and Neutron can be written as:
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How many quarks neutron and proton is made up of?
Radiation can cause:
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In heavy nuclei the number of neutrons is than protons
Gamma rays are emitted from nuclei of radioactive atoms. They are nothing but:
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A body of mass of 2kg absorbed 10 J of radioactive radiations. The absorbed dose of radiation in rad is:
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Half-life of iodine-131 is 8 days. If 20mg is present initially. How much iodine is left behind after 2 half-lives?
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Which of the following affects our eye?
Which of the following will be absorbed by the paper?
A factory buys 100 kg of a radioactive chemical with a half-life of 5 years which decays to a stable compound. How much of the chemical will still be radioactive in 10 years time.
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There are leptons
During the process of nuclear disintegration, when beta particle emission occurs, atomic no. of the atom changes by _____ and the mass number changes by ______.
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A nucleus weighs less than Its sum of nucleons, a quantity known as the
Why is the total mass of all individual protons and neutrons in a nucleus greater than the mass of the nucleus which they constitute?
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In which of the following the pn Junction is used?
When we measure the nuclear masses and compare them with the masses of the constituent nucleus in free states, the mass of the nucleus is always less than the mass of the constituent nucleons. The difference in mass is known as:
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In Nuclear reactions, we have the conservation of:
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Which one of these is used in the treatment of Cancer?
Which of the following gives the correct expression of Decay Constant?
4.5 x 109 years is the half-life of:
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The lightest element which exhibits radioactivity is:
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Fusion and fission reactions are associated with:
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A material that does NOT become radioactive after absorbing neutrons is called.
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Species of the same element that have the same atomic number “Z” but have different mass number “A” are called ____ of that element.
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_______ is also known as anti-electron.
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An alpha particle is ejected from the nucleus of an atom. Which of the following answers describes the change in the nucleus of the atom?
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The half-life of Iodine Is
Radiation cause damage in a)
Which of the following has greater speed In space?
Let X be a radioactive element having No nuclei. The time required to decay this element to one half of its initial number No is known as:
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Transmutation occurs when rays are given out:
The detection and estimation of an element in a mixture is sometimes nearly impossible, if it is present in very minute traces or if it’s chemical properties are very similar to those of other elements in the mixture. An effective technique is developed for these purposes is known as?
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Which of the following is the pair of isobars?
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Key Concepts about Nuclear Physics
The chapter explains the composition and properties of the nucleus, nuclear binding energy, and mass defect. It covers types of radioactive decay, including alpha, beta, and gamma decay, and their characteristics. The chapter also discusses nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, and the applications of nuclear reactions in power generation and medical imaging. Each concept is illustrated with examples, diagrams, and step-by-step problem-solving methods. These concepts are highly important for FSC board exams and engineering entry tests like ECAT, NUST, and FAST.
Free Entry Test Preparation
Mastery of nuclear physics helps students understand atomic nuclei, solve numerical problems, and apply concepts to energy systems, radiation, and practical applications. PLS Academy provides practice questions, solved past papers, and chapter-wise MCQs to help students revise these topics effectively. Regular study of this chapter improves problem-solving skills, conceptual clarity, and exam performance, ensuring students are well-prepared for FSC board exams, competitive entry tests, and NTS exams.
JazakAllah.
