Logical Reasoning Cause & effect

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Logical Reasoning – Cause & Effect for FSC & Entry Test Preparation

Cause & Effect is an important topic in Logical Reasoning for FSC board exams and competitive entry tests such as MDCAT, NUMS, AKU, NUST, ECAT, and NTS exams. This section focuses on analyzing statements or situations to determine the causes behind events and their possible effects. Mastery of this topic is essential for solving reasoning-based MCQs that test analytical and critical thinking skills.




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Statements:

I The literacy rate in the district has been increasing for the last four years.

II The district administration has conducted extensive training programme for the workers involved in the literacy drive.

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I. North Korea is protesting with South Korea for firing at their aircraft. II. South Korea Airforce is rightfully aiming for North Korean aircraft flying within the premises.

PMC 2021 Tested
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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I. Ms. Kulsoom labelled Mr. Waleed a deserter.
II. Ms. Kulsoom offered an apology.

PMC Sample 2
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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I. George and Lee tried to take steps to improve the relations of both countries. II. The ministers of both countries will work on the plan to improve the relations.

PMC 2021 Tested
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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Statements

(I) The children are being aggressive today.
(II) There is no specific limit for children to use mobile screens

PMC Practice 6
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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Statements:

I Majority of the students in the college expressed their opinion against the college authority’s decision to break away from the university and become autonomous.

II The university authorities have expressed their inability to provide grants to its constituent colleges.

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Statement: Most of the steel producing companies in the country have made considerable profit during the last financial year.

Many Asian countries have been importing huge quantities of steel from Pakistan

PMC Sample 3
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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” I. There has been opposition by the protestors over the government’s decision of removal of subsidy on fertilizers. II. The government has decided to remove subsidy on some of the items to bring a reform to the economy.

PMC 2021 Tested
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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I. The breaking news is that Emma Watson is coming. II. The central board of censorship has announced that there will be no complaints from Tom Cruise’s movies.”

PMC 2021 Tested
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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Statements:

I Police resorted to lathi-charge to disperse the unlawful gathering of large number of people.

II The citizens’ forum called a general strike in protest against the police atrocities.

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” I. The legal council has instructed all the evening law colleges to shut down for the upcoming academic session. II. The quality of education delivered in the evening law colleges was not up to the mark.”

PMC 2021 Tested
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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Statement I: The private medical colleges have increased the tuition fees in the current year by 200 percent over the last year’s fees to meet the expenses.

Statement II: The government medical colleges have not increased their fees in spite of price escalation.

PMC Practice 14
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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I. Jinnah and Gandhi tried to take steps to improve the relations of both countries.
II. The ministers of Muslim League and Indian National Congress will work on the plan to improve the relations.

PMC Sample 2
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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Statements:

I Majority of the citizens in the locality belongs to higher income group.

II The sales in the local super market are comparatively much higher than in other localities.

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Statements:

I The prices of petrol and diesel in the domestic market have remained unchanged for the past few months.

II The crude oil prices in the international market have gone up substantially in the last few months.

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Statements:

I The school authority has asked the X Std. students to attend special classes to be conducted on Sundays.

II The parents of the X Std. students have withdrawn their wards from attending private tuitions conducted on Sundays.

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Statements:

I The government has recently fixed the fees for professional courses offered by the unaided institutions which are much lower than the fees charged last year.

II The parents of the aspiring students launched a severe agitation last year protesting against the high fees charged by the unaided institutions.

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“Statement I: The private medical colleges have increased the tuition fees in the current year by 200 per cent over the last year’s fees to meet the expenses.
Statement II: The government medical colleges have not increased their fees in spite of price escalation.”

PMC 2021 Tested
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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Statements:
I. The standard of living of people of the average income group has been rising for the last two years.
II. Pakistani economy has been showing significant growth.

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Statements:

I All the schools in the area had to be kept closed for most part of the week.

II Many parents have withdrawn their children from the local schools.

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I. Since Amna’s baby died at birth, she wanted another immediately.
II. Amna abducted an infant and took it out of the hospital.

PMC Sample 2
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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I. An interior minister has been found as the owner of assets more than the stated income.
II. The prime minister has ordered all the ministers to unveil their assets.

PMC Sample 2
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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Statements:

I The police authority has recently caught a group of house breakers.

II The citizens group in the locality have started night vigil in the area.

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l.The car manufacturing companies have recently increased the prices of mid-sized cars. ll. The Government recently increased the duty on mid-sized cars.

PMC 2021 Tested
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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Statements (I) The university graduate claims that it is hard to find a job in this era. (II) There is a ratio of unemployment on a large scale

PMC 2021 Tested
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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STATEMENTS:

I. The dialogue between Jinnah and Gandhi failed.

Il. Indian National Congress and Muslim League tried to join hands, so they will be united.

PMC Sample 1
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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I. Allen will contest the election from PTI. II. Shery is determined to keep hold of PML.

PMC 2021 Tested
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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I. If you are someone who violates the traffic laws, then this is not a good news for you.
II. The department of traffic regulation has installed the number of traffic signals that are staffed by police officers.

PMC Sample 3
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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Statements:

I There is unprecedented increase in the number of young unemployed in comparison to the previous year.

II A large number of candidates submitted applications against an advertisement for the post of manager issued by a bank.

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Statements:

(I) The children are being aggressive today.

(II) There is no specific limit for children to use mobile screens.

PMC Practice 13
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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Statements:

I The employees of the biggest bank in the country have given an indefinite strike call starting from third of the next month.

II The employees of the Central Government have withdrawn their week long demonstrations.

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I. The art gallery will be closed for two weeks. II. The art gallery is under renovation.

PMC 2021 Tested
Logical Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Elimination Tool:

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Importance of Cause & Effect

Cause & effect questions assess a student’s ability to logically connect events, identify relationships, and make valid inferences. Practicing this topic improves reasoning ability, decision-making, and problem-solving skills, which are crucial for both board exams and competitive entry tests.

Practice for Exams

Regular practice of cause & effect exercises helps students recognize patterns and relationships between events, enhancing accuracy and speed in reasoning questions. PLS Academy provides chapter-wise exercises, solved past papers, and exam-oriented MCQs to help students revise effectively. Consistent preparation strengthens analytical thinking, builds confidence, and ensures better performance in FSC exams and competitive entry tests.

JazakAllah.

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