Chemistry Chapter 7 – Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry (Class 12) for FSC, Entry Tests & NTS Preparation
Chapter 7, Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, is a key topic for Class 12 students preparing for FSC board exams and medical/engineering entry tests like MDCAT, NUMS, AKU, NUST, ECAT, and NTS exams. This chapter explains the basics of organic chemistry, including the structure, nomenclature, and properties of organic compounds. Understanding these fundamentals is essential for studying reactions, mechanisms, and the behavior of carbon-containing compounds.
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Na, Ca & Mg are
Proton transfer within a molecule is known as:
Select the organic compound which belongs to Arene family:
PMC 2020
Chemistry
Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry
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Which one is NOT a nucleophile?
NUMS 2019 Reconduct
Chemistry
Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry
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Which one is not an organic compound?
NUMS 2014
Chemistry
Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry
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(HCHO)nH20 is the chemical formula for?
NTS 2015 SMBBMC
Chemistry
Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry
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The isomers due to the unequal distribution of carbon atoms on either side of the functional group belonging to the same homologous series are called:
NUMS 2014
Chemistry
Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry
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Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name?
NTS 2016 SMBBMC
Chemistry
Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry
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Which of the following has shortest C – C bond length?
Formyl group is present in
PMC Sample 1
Chemistry
Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry
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IUPAC name of this is (CH3)2 – CH – CH (C2H5) – C(CH3)3
NTS 2016 DUHS & JSMU
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Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry
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The coal used for domestic purposes is: –
The type of isomerism in which the position of functional group changes is called?
Which of the following is/are organic?
Which one of the following free radical is most stable:
NUMS 2017
Chemistry
Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry
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Isomerism due to shifting of proton from one atom to another in a same molecule is known as:
NUMS 2020
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Which of the following is the reducing agent:
NUMS 2015
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In alkanes, each carbon has hybridization:
PMC 2020
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Which of the following compounds has the empirical formula, (CH2O) and reacts with sodium hydroxide?
NUMS 2019 Cancelled
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Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry
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The rate of E1 reaction depends upon:
NTS 2019
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Which process is used to produce volatile compounds?
Wohler prepared urea from:
Maleic Acid and Fumaric Acid are:
NUMS 2017
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Which of the following pair groups belong to meta directing Groups?
NTS 2019
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IUPAC name of C6H5 – CH2 – CH2 – NH2 is:
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C6H5C≡N and C6H5N≡C exhibits which type of isomerism:
NTS 2015 SMBBMC
Biology
Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry
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Which of the following is not an isomer of other three:
In SN1 reaction “1” stands for?
NTS 2016 SMBBMC
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Isomerism is:
IUPAC name of Divinyl acetylene is:
NUMS 2019 Reconduct
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Which functional group is not a double bond?
NUMS 2019 Cancelled
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An essential condition for the Optical Activity of an organic compound is:
NUMS 2015
Chemistry
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How many chain isomers can be obtained from the alkane C6H14?
NTS 2016 DUHS & JSMU
Chemistry
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The type of isomerism existing in a compound of molecular formula C2H6O is:
PMC 2020
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IUPAC name of the compound (CH3)2-CH-CH(C2H5)-C(CH3)3 is :
NTS 2015 SMBBMC
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Which is not a meta directing group:
NUMS 2017
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Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry
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Which class of compounds cannot show positional isomerism?
PMC Sample 1
Chemistry
Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry
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Example of nucleophile is:
NUMS 2017
Chemistry
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Propyl Acetate and valeric acid are which type of isomers
NUMS 2018
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Which one of them is used as an automobile antifreeze
PMC Sample 1
Chemistry
Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry
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Which of the following has the lowest vapour pressure at 20 degrees Centigrade?
PMC 2020
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Example of metamerism is:
The isomers must have the same:
NTS 2013
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Carbonyl group is present in
The active part in organic molecules is called:
NUMS 2014
Chemistry
Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry
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Example of a nucleophile is:
NUMS 2019 Cancelled
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CH3CH2CH2COCH3 is the functional isomer of:
NTS 2016 DUHS & JSMU
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Which of the following intermediate has the complete octet around the carbon atom.
NUMS 2018
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The number of isomers of C3H7-Cl are _______
NUMS 2017
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78 g of a hydrocarbon occupies 22.414 ml of volume at S.T.P. The empirical formula of the hydrocarbon is CH. The molecular formula of this hydrocarbon is:
NUMS 2014
Chemistry
Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry
Stoichiometry
Analytical Chemistry
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Which of the following is an organic compound?
Ethers show the phenomenon of:
NTS 2019
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Study that deals with hydrocarbons and its derivatives Is known as:
In a resonance structure of a molecule
NUMS 2014
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Diethyl ether and n-butanol are:
NUMS 2019 Reconduct
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Aromatic compounds burn with a sooty flame because:
NUMS 2014
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Key Concepts about Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
The chapter explains the structure and bonding of carbon, types of hybridization, and the classification of organic compounds into alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. It covers IUPAC nomenclature, functional groups, isomerism (structural and stereoisomerism), and basic reaction types such as substitution, addition, and elimination reactions. Each concept is illustrated with examples, diagrams, and step-by-step explanations. These concepts are highly important for FSC board exams and entry tests like MDCAT, NUMS, AKU, NUST, and ECAT.
Free Entry Test Preparation
Mastery of the fundamentals of organic chemistry helps students understand organic reactions, predict products, and solve numerical and conceptual problems. PLS Academy provides practice questions, solved past papers, and chapter-wise MCQs to help students revise these topics effectively. Regular study of this chapter improves problem-solving skills, conceptual clarity, and exam performance, ensuring students are well-prepared for FSC board exams, competitive entry tests, and NTS exams.
JazakAllah.
