Chemistry Chapter 7 – Thermodynamics (Class 11) for FSC, Entry Tests & NTS Preparation
Chapter 7, Thermodynamics, is a crucial topic for Class 11 students preparing for FSC board exams and medical/engineering entry tests like MDCAT, NUMS, AKU, NUST, ECAT, and NTS exams. This chapter explains the principles governing energy changes in chemical reactions, the laws of thermodynamics, and the concepts of enthalpy, entropy, and free energy. Understanding thermodynamics is essential for studying chemical equilibrium, reaction spontaneity, and energy flow in reactions.
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The thermal energy at constant pressure is called:
PMC 2020
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
Elimination Tool:
Which of the following values of heat of formation indicates that the product is least stable?
NTS 2017
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
Elimination Tool:
During a chemical reaction, heat of Formation Is:
Which of following is NOT state variable of thermodynamics?
Heat of Neutralization is defined as:
One Calorie is equal to:
PMC 2020
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
Elimination Tool:
Which of the following condition is constant in Bomb calorimeter?
PMC Practice 1
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
Elimination Tool:
Through what phenomenons does heat flow?
PMC Sample 2
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
Elimination Tool:
Which of the following are the fundamental ways of transferring energy?
NUMS 2014
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
Elimination Tool:
Heat evolved or absorbed in a chemical reaction does not depend upon?
NTS 2016 SMBBMC
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
Elimination Tool:
Some substances lack definite heats of fusion. These substances are:
NUMS 2020
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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If pressure and volume of a gas are variable while temperature remains constant, this belongs to
PMC Sample 2
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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When two moles of H2 and one mole of O2 react to form H2O, 484 KJ heat is evolved. What is Δ Hf for one mole of H2O?
NUMS 2019 Reconduct
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
Elimination Tool:
Formation of carbon dioxide hinders in calculating the heat of formation of:
PMC Practice 1
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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In chemistry the work is generally ___.
PMC Sample 1
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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One Calorie is equivalent to:
NTS 2019
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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Enthalpy of a compound is equal to its
NUMS 2016
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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Which of the following statements is NOT true for the first law of thermodynamics?
NTS 2014
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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If a system absorbs heat, the surrounding temperature
The enthalpy of certain reactions at 273 K is -20.75 kJ. The enthalpy of the same reaction at 373 K (if heat capacities of reactants and products are the same) will be:
NTS 2017
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
Elimination Tool:
Which ion will have a maximum value of the heat of hydration?
PMC Practice 1
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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Anything under test or observation in laboratory is called
PMC Sample 2
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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For a chemical reaction A -> B, the threshold energy of the reaction is 37 kJ/mole. The average internal energy of A is 12 kJ/Mole. What will be the activation energy of A?
NTS 2016 SMBBMC
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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Born Haber cycle is used to determine:
PMC 2020
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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In an adiabatic process:
NUMS 2016
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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Thermochemistry is very important to learn about
PMC Sample 1
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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Lattice Energy of ionic compounds are found by
PMC Sample 3
Chemistry
Chemical Bonding
Thermochemistry
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A catalyst increases the rate of reaction by:
NTS 2019
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
Elimination Tool:
Which of the following has the maximum specific heat?
The net heat change in a chemical reaction is the same whether it is brought about in two or more different ways in one or several steps. This is known as:
NTS 2019
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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Burning of fuel is a
Exothermic Reactions heat is
PMC Sample 2
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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Cl + e —-> Cl-
ΔH = -348kJ/mol
The value -348KJ/mol in this case will be:
NTS 2012
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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Which enthalpy change is relevant in the following process
Na(s) -> Na (g) ΔH = +107
UHS 2019
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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The heat of a reaction can be calculated by using:
NTS 2010
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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For a chemical reaction A + B, the threshold energy of the reaction is 31 KJ/mole. The average internal energy of A is 12 KJ/mole. What will be the activation energy of A?
NUMS 2018
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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Starting point of Kelvin scale is:
NUMS 2020
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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Energy for the endothermic reaction is given a ____ value?
PMC Practice 1
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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Which one is not related to evaporation?
NUMS 2015
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
States of Matter
States of Matter – Gases, Liquids and Solids
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What is the measure of activation energy in an endothermic reaction?
UHS 2019
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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The measurement of heat absorbed or given out in a chemical reaction is referred to as:
NTS 2011
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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Heat of vaporization of water is kcal/kg
Molar heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to convert one mole of:
NUMS 2020
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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The enthalpy change accompanying the gain of an electron by a neutral gaseous atom to form a negative ion is called:
NTS 2010
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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The reaction 2CO + O2 -> 2CO2 proceeds slower because activation energy is:
NTS 2018
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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For a reaction given below
C(s) + O2 (g) -> CO2 (g) + 394 kJ / mol
The enthalpy of reaction is
NTS 2016 SMBBMC
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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In those reactions where determination of enthalpy value is difficult by experiments, in such cases enthalpy value can be calculated by:
NTS 2014
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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Work done on the system is
PMC Sample 1
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
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Transfer of heat from hot surroundings to a cold refrigerator is an example of:
NUMS 2014
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
Elimination Tool:
Which one of the following equations correctly defines the enthalpy changes of formation of carbon monoxide:
NUMS 2018
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
Elimination Tool:
Given the bond energy N ≡ N, N – H and H – H bonds are 945, 391, and 436 kJmol-1 respectively, the enthalpy of the reaction N2 (g) + 3H2(g) -> 2NH3 (g) is;
NUMS 2017
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
Elimination Tool:
The enthalpy change of the reaction
H2(g) + ½ O2 -> H2O (l)
under standard conditions is:
NUMS 2017
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
Elimination Tool:
If a graph is plotted between pressure on x- axis and volume on y- axis for Boyle’s law verification, the curve obtained is called
PMC Sample 2
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
Elimination Tool:
Value of heat capacity of water is
Two rocket fuels below are determined by their high performance.
N2H4(l) + O2(g) -> N2(g) + 2H2O(l) ΔH= -632 kJ
H2 (g) + ½ O2(g) -> H2O(l) ΔH = -286 kJ
If equal masses of hydrazine and hydrogen are used, which of the following has better performance?
NUMS 2019 Cancelled
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
Elimination Tool:
ΔH = ΔE + PΔV is the change in enthalpy at constant ________.
NUMS 2018
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
Elimination Tool:
Key Concepts about Thermodynamics
The chapter explains the first law of thermodynamics (law of energy conservation), the second law of thermodynamics, and the concept of internal energy. It covers enthalpy changes, heat capacity, Hess’s law, and Gibbs free energy. The chapter also discusses spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes, reversibility, and practical applications of thermodynamic principles in chemical reactions. Each concept is illustrated with examples, numerical problems, and step-by-step explanations. These concepts are highly important for FSC board exams and entry tests like MDCAT, NUMS, AKU, NUST, and ECAT.
Free Entry Test Preparation
Mastery of thermodynamics helps students understand energy changes in chemical reactions, solve numerical problems, and apply concepts to reaction spontaneity and chemical equilibrium. PLS Academy provides practice questions, solved past papers, and chapter-wise MCQs to help students revise these topics systematically. Regular study of this chapter improves problem-solving skills, conceptual clarity, and exam performance, ensuring students are well-prepared for FSC board exams, competitive entry tests, and NTS exams.
JazakAllah.
