Biology Evolution MCQs Chapter 10 Class 12 -

Biology Evolution MCQs Chapter 10 for Second Year Entry Tests and FSC Board Exams

Evolution is a fundamental chapter in Second Year Biology (Class 12) that explains how species change over time and adapt to their environment. This topic is highly important for students preparing for MDCAT, NUMS, AKU, NUST, UET ECAT, and FSC Second Year board exams. Key concepts include Darwin’s theory of evolution, natural selection, speciation, adaptive radiation, fossils, and evolutionary relationships, which are frequently tested through MCQs and conceptual questions.

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Created on March 02, 2022 By Ali Durrani

Biology Ch 10 Class 12 Evolution

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1 / 71

Which of the following scientists contributed a lot to “modern synthetic theory of organic evolution:

NUMS 2014
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Theodosius Dobzhansky 1937

B) Fischer 1958

C) Wright 1968

D) All of above

2 / 71

Which of the following theories or evolution can best explain the vestigial organs.

NUMS 2014
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Darwinism

B) Lamarckism

C) Natural selection

D) Special creation

3 / 71

Which one is NOT a continuous trait?

NUMS 2019 Reconduct
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Human height

B) Tongue rolling

C) Wheat grain color

D) Human skin color

4 / 71

Theory of Lamarck was based on:

NTS 2011
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Adaptive modifications

B) Adaptive radiations

C) Both A and B

D) None of the above

5 / 71

Choose the correct combination:

NUMS 2019 Cancelled
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Darwin – survival of the fittest

B) Darwin – no extinction

C) Lamarck – acquired transmission

D) Both Darwin – survival of the fittest and Lamark – acquired transmission

6 / 71

A group of interbreeding individuals belonging to a particular species and sharing a common geopraphic area is called?

PMC Sample 1
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) community

B) family

C) race

D) population

7 / 71

Carolus Linnaeus was believer of

Special creation

Natural selection

Catastrophism

. Inheritance of acquired characters

8 / 71

Natural selection can amplify or diminish variations that are

Non heritable

Heritable

Both heritable and non heritable

Acquired

9 / 71

The actual remains or traces of organisms that lived in ancident geological times

Vestigial remains

Fossils

Fuel

None of these

10 / 71

Most fossils are found in the

Metamorphic rocks

Soil

Sedimentary rocks

Volcanic mountains

11 / 71

Whose theory of natural selection is essentially identical to Darwin’s theory?

NUMS 2019 Cancelled
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Hardy-Weinberg

B) Alfred Wallace

C) Lyell

D) Mathus

12 / 71

Which scientist does not match his achievements

Lamarck published his theory of evolution

Lyell published principles of geology

Malthus published essay on principle of population

Cuvier published papers on inheritance

13 / 71

Important point/s of Lamarck’s theory

Use and disuse of organs

Inheritance of acquired characters

Natural selection

Both a and b

14 / 71

Many scientists believe that one of the following is evolutionary origin(s) of animals, plants and fungi?

NTS 2013
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Protists

B) Algae

C) Bacteria

D) Protozoans

15 / 71

Adaptations that an organism acquires by its own actions are

Heritable

Not heritable

Can be made heritable through some modifications

Both heritable and not heritable

16 / 71

Mating with non-relatives is known as?

PMC Sample 2
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Inbreeding

B) Outbreeding

C) Breeding

D) None of these options is correct

17 / 71

Who developed a theory of natural selection essentially identical to Darwin’s?

PMC Sample 2
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Hardy-Weinberg

B) Malthus

C) Lamark

D) Alfred Wallace

18 / 71

The organs which are similar in function but differ in structure are called:

PMC 2020
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Analogous organs

B) Homologous organs

C) Convergent evolution

D) Divergent evolution

19 / 71

In the Hardy – Weinberg principle,p2 + 2pq + q2= ?

NTS 2016 SMBBMC
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) 0

B) 1

C) Infinity

D) Any value between 0 to 1

20 / 71

In the Hardy – Weinberg principle, p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 . q2 represents the frequency of the:

NTS 2010
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Homozygous dominant

B) Heterozygous dominant

C) Heterozygous recessive

D) Homozygous recessive

21 / 71

There existed two varieties of female freshwater Mollusks in which some were streamlined and some had a high bulge. Over the generations, male freshwater Mollusks learned that high bulge favors more production of offspring. So they started preferring to mate with females having high bulge as compared to streamlined. Will this affect Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium in the population?

NTS 2019
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) No, it will not affect the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

B) Yes, it will affect the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

C) It will help to balance equilibrium

D) The Hardy Weinberg equilibrium doesn't apply here

22 / 71

Homology means

PMC Sample 3
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) similiarity in characteristics resulting from common ancestors

B) similarity in function from acquired characterists

C) study of different ograns but with similar functions

D) study of similar ograns but with different functions

23 / 71

According to the Hardy-Weinberg theorem, what will be the frequency of heterozygote when ‘p’ is 0.2?

NUMS 2019 Reconduct
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) 0.32

B) 0.38

C) 0.42

D) 0.48

24 / 71

Change in frequency of alleles that occurs by chance Is called as:

UHS 2019
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Genetic drift

B) Mutation

C) Migration

D) Natural selection

25 / 71

The total aggregate of genes in a population at any one time is called population’s

Genome

Genomic library

Genetic group

Gene pool

26 / 71

The ultimate source of all changes is:

NUMS 2015
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Mutation

B) Migration

C) Genetic drift

D) Change in allele frequency

27 / 71

At what point are two populations descending from the same ancestral stock considered separate species?

NTS 2014
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) When they can no longer produce viable, fertile offspring

B) When they look significantly different from each other

C) When they can interbreed successfully and produce offspring

D) When their habitats are separated by a significantly large distance so that they cannot meet

28 / 71

Modification in the organization of the basic pentadactyl limb structure found in vertebrates provides good evidence for the principle of:

NUMS 2020
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Adaptive radiation

B) Convergent evolution

C) Genetic drift

D) Inheritance of acquired characters

29 / 71

Consider the following statements about biological communities.

I. Their members share a common gene pool

II. The community remains stable even though some physical aspect of the environment may undergo a change

III. It consists of all the populations living in a particular area.

IV. A community interacts with a non-living environment and both function together to form an ecosystem

Which two of the above statements are true?

NTS 2014
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) 1 and 2

B) 1 and 3

D) 2 and 3

E) 3 and 4

30 / 71

Inheritance of acquired characteristics is based on:

NTS 2016 DUHS & JSMU
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Genetic role in reproduction

B) Use and disuse of organ

C) Survival of the fittest

D) Mutations

31 / 71

Which of the following concepts is attributed to Lamarck?

NUMS 2014
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Struggle for existence

B) Survival of the fittest

C) Inheritance of acquired characters

D) Cells come from pre-existing cells

32 / 71

Prokaryotes are considered to be evolved

. 3.5 billion years ago

1.5 billion years ago

4.5 billion years ag

1000 million years ago

33 / 71

During aristotle time, it was thought that

PMC Sample 3
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) oranisms ranged from simple to complex

B) one type of organisim give rise to another type of organism

D) all living things specially created by nature

C) both a & b

34 / 71

Genetic equilibrium is a:

NTS 2019
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Change of allele and gene frequency in a population

B) Stability of allele and gene quantity in a population

C) Change of allele and gene number in a population

D) Stability of allele and gene frequency in a population

35 / 71

A group of interbreeding individuals belonging to a particular species and sharing a common geopraphic area is called

Community

Family

Population

Race

36 / 71

The following observations refer to evolution:

Inherited variations which are favored in a particular environment are passed on
There is a struggle for existence
Across time, inherited variations may accumulate causing gradual changes in the organism
Although populations tend to overproduce, they remain more or less constant in numbers from generation to generation
In what sequence should the statement be placed to support the Darwin theory of evolution?

NTS 2015 DUHS and JSMU
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) I, II, III, IV

B) II, I, III, IV

C) III, I, IV, II

E) IV, II, I, III

37 / 71

The process that has transformed life on earth from its earliest forms to vast diversity is?

PMC Sample 3
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) mutation

B) evolution

C) migration

D) genetic drift

38 / 71

If allele frequency for a dominant allele is 0.4. What will be the number of heterogeneous individuals if the population is of 100 individuals with diploid traits.

NUMS 2015
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) 36

B) 48

C) 52

D) 74

39 / 71

The process that has transformed life on earth from its earliest forms to vast diversity is

Mutation

Evolution

Migration

Genetic drift

40 / 71

The wings of birds and the forelegs of a horse are _____ structures.

NUMS 2016
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Analogous

B) Homologous

C) Vestigial

D) Evolutionary convergent

41 / 71

Which of the following is not an evidence for evolution?

PMC Sample 3
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Fossil record

B) Common ancestor organisms

C) Vestigial structures

D) none of these

42 / 71

Which factor decides what type of variation should be flourished and passed on to the next generations?

NTS 2019
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Species

B) Population

C) Survival

D) Environment

43 / 71

This theory says that “mitochondria and chloroplasts are, in effect, ancient bacteria which now live inside the larger cells”:

PMC 2020
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Darwin’s theory of evolution

B) Lamarckism

C) Neo – darwinism

D) Endosymbiont theory

44 / 71

Archaebacteria can survive at

150?C

300?C

120?C

200?C

45 / 71

The genetic change in a population caused by natural selection is called?

PMC Sample 1
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) polymorphism

B) specialization

C) gene linkage

D) adaptation

46 / 71

Which one of the following pairs represents an analogous feature?

NUMS 2018
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Elephant tusks and human incisors

B) Teleost erythrocyte and mammalian erythrocyte

C) Insect wing and bat wing

D) Mole forelimb and bird wing

47 / 71

Which statement is incorrect?

Homologous organs are functionally different but structurally alike

Analogous organs are functionally different but structurally alike

Examples of homologous structures are arms of man, forelimb of cat, flipper of whale

Examples of analogous structures are wings of bats, birds and insects

48 / 71

Lamarck is best known for his theory of:

NUMS 2016
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Inheritances

B) Dominance

C) Inheritance of acquired characteristics

D) All of the above

49 / 71

What was the source of hydrogen for first photosynthetic organisms?

Water

Hydrogen present in soil

Hydrogen sulphate

Hydrogen sulphide

50 / 71

Which of the following is a vestigial organ?

PMC Sample 2
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Teeth

B) Nails

C) Body hair

D) Ears

51 / 71

Evolutionary relationships amongst species are reflected in their:

NUMS 2016
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) DNA and proteins

B) RNA and proteins

C) DNA and genes

D) DNA and RNA

52 / 71

Adaptation of traits to better fill a niche is known as which of the following?

PMC Sample 3
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) polymorphism

B) gene linkage

C) specialization

D) replication

53 / 71

Key point to Lamarck’s view about organic evolution is that every offspring

NUMS 2014
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) is similar to its parents

B) inherits characters acquired by the parental generation

C) shows struggle for existence

D) repeats phylogeny in its ontogeny

54 / 71

Analogous organs show:

NUMS 2020
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Straight evolution

B) Convergent evolution

C) Zig-zag evolution

D) Divergent evolution

55 / 71

According to the theory of natural selection, organisms produce:

UHS 2019
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Offspring according to the resources available

B) Offspring to create resources

C) To create resources

D) More offspring than supported

56 / 71

The following observations refer to evolution:

I. Inherited variations which are ‘favoured’ in particular environments are passed on.

II. There is a struggle for existence.

III. In time, ‘favoured’ inherited variations may accumulate causing gradual changes in the organism.

IV. Although populations tend to overproduce, they remain more or less constant in numbers from generation to generation.

In what sequence should the statements be placed to support Darwin’s theory of evolution?

NTS 2014
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) I, II, III, IV

B) II, I, III, IV

C) III, I, IV, II

E) IV, II, I, III

57 / 71

Consider the following statements about biological communities.

I. Their members share a common gene pool

II. The community remains stable even though some physical aspect of the environment may undergo a change

III. It consists of all the populations living in a particular area.

IV. A community interacts with a non-living environment and both function together to form an ecosystem

Which two of the above statements are true?

NTS 2014
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) 1 and 2

B) 1 and 3

D) 2 and 3

E) 3 and 4

58 / 71

Who developed a theory of natural selection essentially identical to Darwin’s

Hardy-Weinberg

Alfred Wallace

Malthus

Lyell

59 / 71

A group of populations that have the potential to interbreed in nature is

Genus

Family

Species

Community

60 / 71

In humans gill pouches have modified into

Nose

Ear

Eustachian tubes

External ear

61 / 71

Carolus Linnaeus was believer of which of the following?

PMC Sample 1
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) special creation

B) natural selection

C) catastrophism

D) Inheritance of acquired characters

62 / 71

On Galapagos island, among the birds, ____ caught much attention of Darwin in formulating his work, related to adaptations.

NUMS 2019 Reconduct
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Pigeons

B) Ravens

C) Finches

D) Parrots

63 / 71

______ occurs because natural selection gives some alleles a better chance of survival than others:

PMC 2020
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Fitness

B) Evolution

C) Crossing over

D) Artificial Selection

64 / 71

Which animals support Darwin’s view of inheritance of desirable variations?

NTS 2019
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Giraffe

B) Galapagos finches

C) Snake

D) All of the above

65 / 71

Neo-Darwinism has integrated discoveries and ideas from

Taxonomy

Paleontology

Genetics

All of these

66 / 71

Which condition can be explained by Lamarckism?

PMC Sample 1
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) How giraffes got their long neck

B) How humans lost their tail

C) How humans became bipedal

D) all of these

67 / 71

Natural selection can amplify or diminish variations that are?

PMC Sample 2
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Heritable

B) non heritable

C) both a and b

D) acquired

68 / 71

Flagella might have arisen through the ingestion of

Cyano-bacteria

Spirochetes

Chlamydomonas

Paramecium

69 / 71

Most of the fossils are found in which of the following?

PMC Sample 1
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Metamorphic rocks

B) soil

C) Volcanic mountains

D) Sedimentary rocks

70 / 71

What is in q2 Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

NTS 2019
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:

A) Frequency of the dominant allele

B) Frequency of the recessive allele

C) Frequency of both alleles

D) Number of both alleles

71 / 71

Analogous organs show

Convergent evolution

Divergent evolution

Straight evolution

Zig-zag evolution

Your score is

The average score is 67%

Importance of Evolution in Competitive Biology

A strong understanding of Evolution helps students explain mechanisms of evolutionary change, evidence from fossils and comparative anatomy, and genetic variations. Topics like microevolution, macroevolution, Hardy-Weinberg principle, and modern evolutionary synthesis are commonly asked in entry tests. Practicing chapter-wise MCQs, diagrams, and topic-wise exercises improves conceptual clarity, enhances accuracy, and strengthens problem-solving skills during exams.

Effective Preparation and Practice Resources for Evolution

Effective preparation for Evolution includes systematic revision, MCQ practice, and mock testing. Solving past papers and exam-focused questions helps students identify important areas and repeated concepts. PLS Academy provides structured learning resources that help students master Evolution and perform confidently in medical entry tests and FSC Second Year board examinations.

JazakAllah.

Comments

8 responses to “Biology Evolution MCQs Chapter 10 Class 12”

Nayab Fatima

June 8, 2022

Helpful ?
Anonymous

November 1, 2022

Awesome
Anonymous

November 1, 2022

Is Hardy Weinberg theorm included ?
1. Munawar Iqbal
  
  November 3, 2022
  
  Interesting ?
Munawar Iqbal

November 3, 2022

Interesting ?
Anonymous

January 30, 2023

I got 97% ????
Anonymous

May 2, 2023

I got 69% but it’s okay ?
Anonymous

June 11, 2023

Thank you ❣️