Biology Chapter 10 – Evolution (Class 12) for FSC, Entry Tests & NTS Preparation
Chapter 10, Evolution, is a fundamental topic for Class 12 students preparing for FSC board exams, medical/engineering entry tests like MDCAT, NUMS, AKU, NUST, ECAT, UET, and NTS exams. This chapter explains the origin and development of life on Earth, the processes that drive evolutionary change, and the diversity of species over time. Understanding evolution is essential for studying genetics, ecology, and the history of life.
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Adaptations that an organism acquires by its own actions are
In humans gill pouches have modified into
Key point to Lamarck’s view about organic evolution is that every offspring
NUMS 2014
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:
What is in q2 Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?
NTS 2019
Biology
Evolution
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Which of the following is not an evidence for evolution?
PMC Sample 3
Biology
Evolution
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The ultimate source of all changes is:
NUMS 2015
Biology
Evolution
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Which one is NOT a continuous trait?
NUMS 2019 Reconduct
Biology
Evolution
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Change in frequency of alleles that occurs by chance Is called as:
UHS 2019
Biology
Evolution
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The following observations refer to evolution:
I. Inherited variations which are ‘favoured’ in particular environments are passed on.
II. There is a struggle for existence.
III. In time, ‘favoured’ inherited variations may accumulate causing gradual changes in the organism.
IV. Although populations tend to overproduce, they remain more or less constant in numbers from generation to generation.
In what sequence should the statements be placed to support Darwin’s theory of evolution?
NTS 2014
Biology
Evolution
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There existed two varieties of female freshwater Mollusks in which some were streamlined and some had a high bulge. Over the generations, male freshwater Mollusks learned that high bulge favors more production of offspring. So they started preferring to mate with females having high bulge as compared to streamlined. Will this affect Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium in the population?
NTS 2019
Biology
Evolution
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Adaptation of traits to better fill a niche is known as which of the following?
PMC Sample 3
Biology
Evolution
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Consider the following statements about biological communities.
I. Their members share a common gene pool
II. The community remains stable even though some physical aspect of the environment may undergo a change
III. It consists of all the populations living in a particular area.
IV. A community interacts with a non-living environment and both function together to form an ecosystem
Which two of the above statements are true?
NTS 2014
Biology
Evolution
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Who developed a theory of natural selection essentially identical to Darwin’s?
PMC Sample 2
Biology
Evolution
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Choose the correct combination:
NUMS 2019 Cancelled
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:
Natural selection can amplify or diminish variations that are
On Galapagos island, among the birds, ____ caught much attention of Darwin in formulating his work, related to adaptations.
NUMS 2019 Reconduct
Biology
Evolution
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Lamarck is best known for his theory of:
NUMS 2016
Biology
Evolution
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Which factor decides what type of variation should be flourished and passed on to the next generations?
NTS 2019
Biology
Evolution
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Who developed a theory of natural selection essentially identical to Darwin’s
Which of the following theories or evolution can best explain the vestigial organs.
NUMS 2014
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:
In the Hardy – Weinberg principle,p2 + 2pq + q2= ?
NTS 2016 SMBBMC
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:
Which condition can be explained by Lamarckism?
PMC Sample 1
Biology
Evolution
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The genetic change in a population caused by natural selection is called?
PMC Sample 1
Biology
Evolution
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Which scientist does not match his achievements
Which of the following scientists contributed a lot to “modern synthetic theory of organic evolution:
NUMS 2014
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:
The following observations refer to evolution:
Inherited variations which are favored in a particular environment are passed on
There is a struggle for existence
Across time, inherited variations may accumulate causing gradual changes in the organism
Although populations tend to overproduce, they remain more or less constant in numbers from generation to generation
In what sequence should the statement be placed to support the Darwin theory of evolution?
NTS 2015 DUHS and JSMU
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:
The actual remains or traces of organisms that lived in ancident geological times
In the Hardy – Weinberg principle, p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 . q2 represents the frequency of the:
NTS 2010
Biology
Evolution
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This theory says that “mitochondria and chloroplasts are, in effect, ancient bacteria which now live inside the larger cells”:
PMC 2020
Biology
Evolution
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During aristotle time, it was thought that
PMC Sample 3
Biology
Evolution
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A group of interbreeding individuals belonging to a particular species and sharing a common geopraphic area is called?
PMC Sample 1
Biology
Evolution
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Which statement is incorrect?
The organs which are similar in function but differ in structure are called:
PMC 2020
Biology
Evolution
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Theory of Lamarck was based on:
NTS 2011
Biology
Evolution
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At what point are two populations descending from the same ancestral stock considered separate species?
NTS 2014
Biology
Evolution
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The wings of birds and the forelegs of a horse are _____ structures.
NUMS 2016
Biology
Evolution
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Many scientists believe that one of the following is evolutionary origin(s) of animals, plants and fungi?
NTS 2013
Biology
Evolution
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Most fossils are found in the
Whose theory of natural selection is essentially identical to Darwin’s theory?
NUMS 2019 Cancelled
Biology
Evolution
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According to the theory of natural selection, organisms produce:
UHS 2019
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:
Flagella might have arisen through the ingestion of
Consider the following statements about biological communities.
I. Their members share a common gene pool
II. The community remains stable even though some physical aspect of the environment may undergo a change
III. It consists of all the populations living in a particular area.
IV. A community interacts with a non-living environment and both function together to form an ecosystem
Which two of the above statements are true?
NTS 2014
Biology
Evolution
Elimination Tool:
What was the source of hydrogen for first photosynthetic organisms?
Which of the following is a vestigial organ?
PMC Sample 2
Biology
Evolution
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The process that has transformed life on earth from its earliest forms to vast diversity is?
PMC Sample 3
Biology
Evolution
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Archaebacteria can survive at
Carolus Linnaeus was believer of which of the following?
PMC Sample 1
Biology
Evolution
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Evolutionary relationships amongst species are reflected in their:
NUMS 2016
Biology
Evolution
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Genetic equilibrium is a:
NTS 2019
Biology
Evolution
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A group of interbreeding individuals belonging to a particular species and sharing a common geopraphic area is called
Which one of the following pairs represents an analogous feature?
NUMS 2018
Biology
Evolution
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______ occurs because natural selection gives some alleles a better chance of survival than others:
PMC 2020
Biology
Evolution
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Which animals support Darwin’s view of inheritance of desirable variations?
NTS 2019
Biology
Evolution
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The total aggregate of genes in a population at any one time is called population’s
Mating with non-relatives is known as?
PMC Sample 2
Biology
Evolution
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Neo-Darwinism has integrated discoveries and ideas from
Homology means
PMC Sample 3
Biology
Evolution
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Inheritance of acquired characteristics is based on:
NTS 2016 DUHS & JSMU
Biology
Evolution
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If allele frequency for a dominant allele is 0.4. What will be the number of heterogeneous individuals if the population is of 100 individuals with diploid traits.
NUMS 2015
Biology
Evolution
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Natural selection can amplify or diminish variations that are?
PMC Sample 2
Biology
Evolution
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Modification in the organization of the basic pentadactyl limb structure found in vertebrates provides good evidence for the principle of:
NUMS 2020
Biology
Evolution
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Analogous organs show
Which of the following concepts is attributed to Lamarck?
NUMS 2014
Biology
Evolution
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Important point/s of Lamarck’s theory
Most of the fossils are found in which of the following?
PMC Sample 1
Biology
Evolution
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The process that has transformed life on earth from its earliest forms to vast diversity is
A group of populations that have the potential to interbreed in nature is
According to the Hardy-Weinberg theorem, what will be the frequency of heterozygote when ‘p’ is 0.2?
NUMS 2019 Reconduct
Biology
Evolution
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Carolus Linnaeus was believer of
Analogous organs show:
NUMS 2020
Biology
Evolution
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Prokaryotes are considered to be evolved
Key Concepts about Evolution
The chapter explains the theories of evolution, including Darwin’s theory of natural selection and modern synthetic theory. It covers types of evolution, such as divergent, convergent, and adaptive radiation. The chapter also discusses evidence of evolution from fossils, comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular biology. Concepts such as speciation, extinction, and evolutionary adaptations are explained with examples and their biological significance. These concepts are highly important for FSC board exams, medical/engineering entry tests like MDCAT, NUMS, AKU, NUST, ECAT, UET, and NTS.
Free Entry Test & NTS Preparation
Mastery of evolution helps students understand species diversity, adaptation, and the mechanisms driving genetic change. PLS Academy provides practice questions, solved past papers, and chapter-wise MCQs to help students revise these topics effectively. Regular study of this chapter improves problem-solving skills, conceptual clarity, and exam performance, ensuring students are well-prepared for FSC board exams, competitive entry tests, and NTS exams.
JazakAllah.
